magnetostatiken

Magnetostatics is a branch of physics that studies magnetic phenomena in the steady state, meaning that the electric charges are stationary and the electric currents are constant. It describes the behavior of magnetic fields in the absence of time-varying fields. The fundamental laws governing magnetostatics are Ampere's law and the Biot-Savart law. Ampere's law relates the magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. The Biot-Savart law provides a way to calculate the magnetic field produced by a given electric current.

In magnetostatics, magnetic fields are typically generated by permanent magnets or by direct currents flowing through conductors. Key concepts include magnetic field strength (H), magnetic flux density (B), and magnetic potential. Magnetic materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic, each exhibiting different responses to an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials weakly repel magnetic fields, paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted, and ferromagnetic materials can be strongly magnetized.

Applications of magnetostatics are widespread, including the design of electric motors, generators, magnetic storage devices, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines. Understanding magnetostatic principles is crucial for many engineering disciplines.