magnetici

Magnetici, in general, denotes phenomena, materials, and devices related to magnetism. Magnetic fields arise from moving electric charges and from intrinsic electron spin, and they are described by Maxwell's equations.

Magnetic materials respond to external fields by becoming magnetized, a property that classifies them as ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic. Some materials exhibit hysteresis, retaining magnetization after the external field is removed.

Common examples include iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys. These materials are used to produce permanent magnets or to form cores in electromagnets.

Key devices and applications include permanent magnets, electromagnets, electric motors, generators, transformers, and magnetic storage media.

Applications span data storage (hard drives and tapes), magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic separation in mining and recycling, and various sensors that detect magnetic fields.

Measurements rely on magnetic field strength and magnetization, with units such as tesla (T) and gauss, and concepts like magnetic susceptibility.

Historically, magnetism dates to ancient lodestones, with later breakthroughs by Oersted, Faraday, and others shaping the understanding of electromagnetism and magnetic phenomena.

Safety and handling considerations include the hazards of strong magnets, which can pinch skin, affect medical implants, or damage electronic devices.