lëndës

Lëndës is an Albanian noun that can refer to two broad senses depending on context. In everyday usage, lëndë denotes either a subject taught in school or a substance/material. The word exists in several forms to mark number and definiteness, with lëndë as the base form and lënda as the definite singular. The plural for generic reference is lëndë, while the definite plural is lëndët.

In the educational context, lëndë means a school subject or course, such as matematikë (mathematics), historì (history), or gjuhë shqipe (Albanian language). When talking about curriculum or exam requirements, lëndët are the discrete units students study and are assessed on.

In the sense of material or substance, lëndë refers to matter or material used in science, industry, or daily life. Examples include lëndë kimike (chemical substance), lëndë ushqimore (food ingredient or material), and lëndë ndërtimore (building material). The term can describe any physical matter with distinct properties or composition.

Grammatical notes: lëndë is the base noun; lënda is the definite singular form meaning “the subject” or “the substance,” and lëndët is the definite plural meaning “the subjects” or “the substances.” The form lëndës appears in genitive/possessive constructions, such as fakti i lëndës (“the fact of the subject” or “the fact of the substance”), where the suffix -ës marks the possessive/genitive connection.

See also: lëndë (subject or substance), grammar of Albanian, Albanian vocabulary.