läbi

Läbi is an Estonian word with multiple related uses, most prominently functioning as a directional or relational element meaning through, across, or via. It can express physical traversal (moving through a place), passage over a span of time, or means by which an action is accomplished. In addition to spatial senses, it can convey a sense of thoroughness or completeness in broader contexts.

Etymology and cognates: Läbi is derived from Proto-Finnic and is cognate with Finnish läpi. The term has long been part of Estonian and other Finnic languages, where it covers similar ideas of crossing, passing, or traversing.

Grammar and usage: In Estonian, läbi operates as a functional word that attaches to noun phrases to indicate passage or method. It participates in a range of expressions and can appear in both concrete and abstract contexts. Its meaning shifts with context, ranging from physical movement through a location to figurative passages, such as completing a process or carrying an idea across a discussion.

Semantic range and examples: The word covers a broad range of senses. It can denote physical movement through a space, a passage through a period of time, or the means by which an action is performed. In figurative usage, it can convey thoroughness, as in going through something completely, or being effective throughout an entire scope of a discussion or task. The exact interpretation depends on the surrounding words and the nouns it relates to.

See also: Finnish läpi; Estonian language and related postpositions.