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Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as cancer cells. Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are categorized into two main types: T cells and B cells.

T cells, or T lymphocytes, are involved in cell-mediated immunity. They are further divided into subsets, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells, each with specific functions in the immune response. T cells recognize and respond to antigens presented by other immune cells, such as antigen-presenting cells.

B cells, or B lymphocytes, are responsible for humoral immunity. They produce antibodies, which are proteins that bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. B cells can also differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete large amounts of antibodies, and memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity against specific pathogens.

Lymphocytes are essential for maintaining a healthy immune system and are involved in various immune responses, including the recognition of pathogens, the production of antibodies, and the activation of other immune cells. They are also crucial in the development of adaptive immunity, which allows the body to remember and respond more effectively to previously encountered pathogens.