ludah

Ludah is a term used in Indonesian and Malay to refer to saliva, the watery secretion produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. It also functions as a verb meaning to spit or discharge saliva.

Saliva contains water, mucus, enzymes such as amylase, electrolytes, and various antimicrobial compounds. It lubricates the mouth, begins the digestion of starches, helps form a bolus for swallowing, and protects teeth and mucosal surfaces by neutralizing acids and washing away food particles. The microbial and chemical components of saliva contribute to oral health by controlling bacteria and maintaining the balance of the oral environment.

Usage and cultural context: In everyday language, ludah denotes both the saliva itself and the act of spitting. Spitting in public is often discouraged due to hygiene concerns, though attitudes toward spitting can vary across cultures and historical periods.

Medical notes: Normal saliva production supports oral health, while conditions such as xerostomia (dry mouth) or hypersalivation (sialorrhea) can indicate health issues or medication effects. Because saliva can carry pathogens, proper hygiene and public health guidance address practices related to spitting, particularly in communal or medical settings.