leukotrieeni

Leukotrienes are a group of lipid compounds that are synthesized by cells of the immune system, such as mast cells and eosinophils, from arachidonic acid. They are potent inflammatory mediators that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, particularly asthma and allergic rhinitis. Leukotrienes exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells, leading to a cascade of biological responses.

There are several types of leukotrienes, with the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) being the most well-studied. These compounds are involved in bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, and mucus hypersecretion, all of which contribute to the symptoms of airway inflammation. Leukotrienes also attract and activate inflammatory cells, further perpetuating the inflammatory process.

Pharmacological approaches targeting leukotrienes have proven effective in managing inflammatory conditions. Leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, block the binding of leukotrienes to their receptors, thereby reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. These medications are commonly used in the treatment of asthma and allergic diseases. Research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of leukotrienes in health and disease, aiming to develop more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.