leukotrieeneiksi

Leukotrienes are a group of biologically active lipids that are produced by leukocytes and some other cells. They are synthesized from arachidonic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, through the action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Leukotrienes are potent mediators of inflammation, playing a crucial role in allergic reactions and asthma.

There are several types of leukotrienes, including LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. LTB4 is a chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils, drawing them to sites of inflammation. LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, collectively known as cysteinyl leukotrienes, are primarily responsible for the bronchoconstriction observed in asthma. They also increase vascular permeability and mucus secretion in the airways.

The inflammatory effects of leukotrienes are mediated by specific receptors on target cells. For instance, cysteinyl leukotrienes bind to CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors. Antagonists of these receptors, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, are used as medications to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis by blocking the action of leukotrienes. Inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, like zileuton, are also employed to reduce leukotriene production. The understanding of leukotriene pathways has significantly advanced the management of inflammatory and allergic diseases.