lacrimais

Lacrimais is a term used in anatomy and ophthalmology to refer to structures and processes related to tears and the tear-producing and tear-draining system. The word is derived from Latin lacrima, meaning tear, and appears in various Romance languages in adjectival or nominal forms to describe tear-related anatomy.

The lacrimal apparatus comprises the lacrimal gland, lacrimal ducts, puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct. The major lacrimal gland is located in the upper outer part of the orbit and produces the watery component of the tear film. Tears spread across the ocular surface and drain medially through small openings called puncta, then through the canaliculi to the lacrimal sac and into the nasolacrimal duct, which opens into the nasal cavity.

Tear film is structured in layers: an outer lipid layer that reduces evaporation, a middle aqueous layer containing enzymes and nutrients produced by the lacrimal gland, and an inner mucous layer that helps the tear film adhere to the conjunctiva. These components work together to lubricate, cleanse, and protect the ocular surface.

Clinical relevance centers on the lacrimal system’s drainage and production. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct can cause epiphora (excess tearing) and recurrent infections such as dacryocystitis. Lacrimal gland inflammation (dacryoadenitis), dry eye syndromes, and lacrimal fistulas are other conditions associated with lacrimais dysfunction. Treatments range from conservative eye care to surgical interventions in cases of obstruction or chronic inflammation.

See also: lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, tear film.