lachrymation

Lachrymation is the production of tears from the lacrimal glands. This natural physiological process serves several essential functions for the eye. Tears are composed of water, electrolytes, antibodies, and enzymes, and they continuously lubricate the surface of the eye, preventing dryness and irritation. This lubrication is crucial for maintaining the health of the cornea and conjunctiva, allowing for smooth movement of the eyelids over the eyeball.

Tears also play a vital role in protecting the eye from foreign substances such as dust, debris, and pathogens. When irritants enter the eye, the increased production of tears helps to wash them away, thus preventing infection and injury. The enzymes present in tears, like lysozyme, have antimicrobial properties that further contribute to eye defense.

There are three main types of lachrymation. Basal tears are produced constantly in small amounts to keep the eyes moist and healthy. Reflex tears are produced in response to irritants, such as onions or smoke, or physical stimuli like a speck of dust. Emotional tears, the most commonly understood type, are shed in response to strong emotions like sadness, joy, or anger. While the exact physiological mechanisms behind emotional tearing are still being researched, it is believed to involve the autonomic nervous system.