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The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, officially the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), was a treaty signed by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom on August 5, 1963, which banned nuclear weapons tests or any other nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water. It was a significant step in arms control efforts during the Cold War. The treaty was prompted by growing global concern over the radioactive fallout from nuclear testing. The treaty does not ban underground nuclear tests, which continue to be conducted by some nations. The PTBT entered into force on October 10, 1963. Many other nations have since signed the treaty. While the PTBT was a landmark agreement, it did not halt the nuclear arms race entirely. However, it is credited with significantly reducing the amount of radioactive contamination released into the environment from nuclear testing and fostering a more cautious approach to nuclear weapons development. It remains in effect today, though its comprehensive successor, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which aims to ban all nuclear explosions, has not yet entered into force due to its ratification status.