kvartsilajeja

Kvartsilajeja refers to the various crystalline forms that silicon dioxide (SiO2) can take. Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, and its different forms are distinguished by their crystal structure, formation conditions, and physical properties. The most common and stable form at room temperature and pressure is alpha-quartz, also known as low-quartz. Above 573 degrees Celsius, it transforms into beta-quartz, or high-quartz.

Beyond these basic forms, numerous other varieties of quartz exist. These are often categorized based on their macroscopic appearance, which can be influenced by impurities or the way they formed. Amethyst, for example, is a purple variety of quartz colored by iron impurities. Citrine is a yellow to orange variety, also often colored by iron. Smoky quartz ranges in color from light gray to deep brown and is thought to be colored by natural radiation. Rose quartz is known for its delicate pink hue, which is attributed to trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese.

Other notable quartz varieties include agate, which is a cryptocrystalline (meaning its crystals are too small to be seen without magnification) form of silica characterized by its banded appearance. Jasper is another opaque, cryptocrystalline variety, often red, yellow, or brown, due to the presence of iron oxides. Chalcedony is a general term for microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, encompassing many varieties like agate and jasper. The diversity of kvartsilajeja makes quartz a mineral of significant scientific and aesthetic interest.