ksülitooli

Ksülitool is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, that is found naturally in small amounts in many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar that tastes similar to sucrose (table sugar) but has fewer calories and a lower glycemic index. Chemically, it is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol.

Commercially, ksülitool is produced from xylan, a hemicellulose found in plant materials such as birch wood, corn cobs, and sugar cane bagasse. The process typically involves hydrolysis of xylan to xylose, followed by hydrogenation of xylose to ksülitool.

Ksülitool is widely used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food products, including sugar-free chewing gum, candies, baked goods, and toothpaste. Its use is particularly popular among individuals managing diabetes or seeking to reduce their sugar intake.

One of the notable properties of ksülitool is its non-cariogenic nature, meaning it does not contribute to tooth decay. It is fermented by oral bacteria to a much lesser extent than sugar, and some studies suggest it may even inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans, a primary cause of cavities.

While generally considered safe for human consumption, excessive intake of ksülitool can lead to gastrointestinal distress, such as bloating and diarrhea, due to its laxative effect and incomplete absorption in the small intestine. It is also highly toxic to dogs, even in small amounts, and can cause hypoglycemia and liver failure.