kromosfäär

The chromosphere is a layer of the Sun's atmosphere, situated above the photosphere and below the corona. It is typically visible during solar eclipses as a reddish glow, a phenomenon caused by the emission of hydrogen-alpha light. The chromosphere's temperature increases with altitude, ranging from about 6,000 Kelvin at its base to over 20,000 Kelvin at its top. Its composition is similar to the photosphere, consisting primarily of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of heavier elements.

This layer is characterized by dynamic activity, including phenomena like spicules, which are jet-like eruptions of plasma extending outward from the photosphere. Prominences, which are large, bright features extending outward from the Sun's surface, also originate in or pass through the chromosphere. The chromosphere plays a crucial role in the Sun's magnetic activity and energy transport. Its study helps scientists understand the complex processes occurring on the Sun, which can impact Earth through solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Instruments like the Solar Dynamics Observatory and ground-based telescopes are used to observe and study the chromosphere in detail.