kriogeenilised

Kriogeenilised refers to extremely low temperatures, typically below -150 degrees Celsius (-238 degrees Fahrenheit or 123 Kelvin). This field of science and technology, known as cryogenics, involves the study and application of these very cold conditions. At such temperatures, many substances exhibit unique physical properties that are different from their behavior at room temperature.

One of the most striking phenomena observed at cryogenic temperatures is superconductivity, where certain materials lose all electrical resistance. Another is the transition of gases into liquids, such as liquid nitrogen and liquid helium, which are commonly used as cryogenic coolants. These liquefied gases have numerous applications in science, medicine, and industry.

Cryogenics plays a vital role in various fields. In medicine, it is used for preserving biological samples like blood, tissues, and sperm through cryopreservation. It is also essential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, which use superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium. In scientific research, cryogenic temperatures are employed in particle accelerators and in the study of fundamental physics. Industrial applications include the production of oxygen and nitrogen through air separation, and in the transportation and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The development of cryogenics has opened up new possibilities and advanced technological capabilities across many sectors.