kovalenttisidoksiin

Kovalenttisidoksiin refer to covalent bonds, a fundamental type of chemical bond. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration, typically a full outer electron shell. This sharing occurs between two non-metal atoms. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, holding them together. Covalent bonds are responsible for the formation of most molecules, including organic compounds and diatomic elements like oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2).

The strength of a covalent bond depends on the number of shared electron pairs. A single bond involves one shared pair, a double bond involves two shared pairs, and a triple bond involves three shared pairs. These bonds are generally strong and directional, leading to specific molecular shapes. Compounds formed by covalent bonds, known as molecular compounds, often have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds. They also tend to be poor conductors of electricity in all states. The concept of electronegativity plays a crucial role in determining whether a bond is purely covalent or polar covalent, where electrons are unequally shared.