kortikálisak

Kortikálisak, also known as cortical neurons, are a type of neuron located in the cerebral cortex of the brain. The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and is responsible for many higher-order brain functions, including sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, and language. Cortical neurons are a crucial component of this complex structure.

Cortical neurons are characterized by their diverse morphology and connectivity. They can be classified into two main types: pyramidal neurons and interneurons. Pyramidal neurons are the most common type of cortical neuron and are named for their pyramid-shaped cell bodies. They have a single, large apical dendrite that extends towards the surface of the cortex and multiple basal dendrites that extend laterally. Pyramidal neurons are excitatory and use the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Interneurons, on the other hand, are a diverse group of neurons that are typically smaller than pyramidal neurons and have a wide range of morphologies. They are inhibitory and use the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Interneurons play a crucial role in regulating the activity of pyramidal neurons and other cortical neurons.

Cortical neurons are organized into six layers, each with a distinct cellular composition and connectivity. This layered organization is a key feature of the cerebral cortex and is thought to be important for its complex processing capabilities. The precise connectivity and activity of cortical neurons are thought to underlie many aspects of brain function, including perception, memory, and decision-making. Understanding the properties and functions of cortical neurons is a major focus of neuroscience research.