kondenzacija

Kondenzacija is the physical process by which a substance in a gaseous state changes into a liquid state. This transformation occurs when the temperature of the gas is reduced to its dew point, causing the molecules to lose kinetic energy and become more attracted to each other. Condensation is the reverse of evaporation and vaporization. It is a common phenomenon observed in everyday life, such as the formation of water droplets on the outside of a cold glass or the appearance of fog.

The process of condensation is driven by a decrease in temperature or an increase in pressure. When a gas cools, its molecules slow down and their intermolecular forces become strong enough to hold them together in a liquid form. Similarly, compressing a gas at a constant temperature can also lead to condensation as the molecules are forced closer together. The amount of water vapor a gas can hold is dependent on its temperature; warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air.

Condensation plays a crucial role in various natural cycles, most notably the water cycle. In the atmosphere, water vapor condenses to form clouds, which eventually lead to precipitation. Industrial processes also utilize condensation, such as in the operation of steam engines and refrigeration systems. Understanding condensation is important in fields ranging from meteorology and climate science to engineering and material science.