kloroplasta

Kloroplasta is a term sometimes used informally to refer to a chloroplast. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. They are the site where light energy is converted into chemical energy through a process that uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red parts of the spectrum, and reflects green light, which is why plants appear green.

The structure of a chloroplast is complex, consisting of an outer and inner membrane, enclosing a fluid-filled space called the stroma. Within the stroma are stacks of flattened sacs called thylakoids, which are arranged in structures known as grana. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur on the thylakoid membranes, while the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle) take place in the stroma. Chloroplasts also contain their own DNA and ribosomes, suggesting an endosymbiotic origin, where they may have evolved from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell. The precise term for these organelles is chloroplast, and "kloroplasta" is not a standard scientific term.