klijanje

Klijanje, also known as germination, is the process by which a plant grows from a seed. This crucial stage in a plant's life cycle begins when a seed, which contains an embryo and a food supply, is exposed to suitable environmental conditions. These conditions typically include adequate moisture, oxygen, and an appropriate temperature.

The initial step in germination is imbibition, where the seed absorbs water. This water softens the seed coat and activates enzymes within the seed. These enzymes then begin to break down the stored food reserves, providing energy for the developing embryo. The embryo consists of the radicle, which will develop into the root system, and the plumule, which will grow into the shoot.

Once the embryo has sufficient energy, the radicle emerges first, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Following the radicle, the plumule emerges, growing upwards towards light. The seed coat typically splits open to allow these structures to emerge. The cotyledons, or seed leaves, may either remain below ground or emerge above ground, providing initial nourishment until the seedling can perform photosynthesis. The successful completion of germination marks the transition from a dormant seed to a young, actively growing plant.