kiinteäfaasista

Kiinteäfaasista, also known as solid-state, refers to a phase of matter in which the constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume. In this state, the particles are typically arranged in a regular, repeating pattern, forming a crystal lattice or an amorphous structure. The movement of particles in a solid is limited to vibrational motion around their mean positions, which is why solids have a definite shape and volume.

The transition from a liquid to a solid is known as solidification, and the reverse process is called melting or fusion. The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its melting point. The energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid is called the latent heat of fusion.

Solids can be classified into two main categories: crystalline and amorphous. Crystalline solids have a long-range order in their atomic arrangement, while amorphous solids lack this order and have a more random structure. Examples of crystalline solids include metals, salts, and many minerals, while amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and many plastics.

The properties of solids, such as hardness, strength, and electrical conductivity, depend on the nature of the bonds between the particles and the arrangement of the particles in the solid. Solids can also exhibit unique properties, such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism, which arise from the collective behavior of the particles in the solid state.