keuhkojärjestelmän

Keuhkojärjestelmä, or the respiratory system in English, refers to the network of organs and tissues that facilitate breathing. Its primary function is gas exchange, where oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled. The main components of the human respiratory system include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Air enters the body through the nasal cavity or mouth, where it is warmed, humidified, and filtered. It then passes through the pharynx and larynx, the latter containing the vocal cords. The trachea, or windpipe, branches into two bronchi, which lead into the lungs. Within the lungs, the bronchi further subdivide into smaller bronchioles, ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli. It is in the alveoli that the crucial exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream occurs, facilitated by a vast network of capillaries. The diaphragm, a large muscle located at the base of the chest cavity, plays a vital role in the mechanics of breathing, contracting to draw air into the lungs and relaxing to push it out. Various diseases and conditions can affect the respiratory system, impacting its ability to function efficiently.