karstify

Karstify refers to the process by which soluble rocks, such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum, are dissolved by water to form characteristic karst landscapes. This dissolution occurs primarily through the chemical weathering action of slightly acidic rainwater. As water percolates through the ground, it picks up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and soil, forming carbonic acid. This weak acid then reacts with the calcium carbonate in the bedrock.

Over geological timescales, this continuous dissolution leads to the formation of various karst features. Common surface features include sinkholes, which are depressions formed by the collapse of overlying rock into underground voids, and uvalas, which are larger, irregular depressions formed by the merging of several sinkholes. Karst topography is also characterized by disappearing streams, which flow underground into caves, and natural bridges, formed when cave roofs collapse.

Underground, karstification creates extensive cave systems, including stalactites and stalagmites, which are mineral formations that grow over long periods. The porous nature of karst rocks allows for significant groundwater storage and movement, often forming underground rivers and aquifers. This process is crucial for understanding hydrology and groundwater resources in regions with these rock types. Karst landscapes are found globally in areas with suitable geology and sufficient rainfall.