karbonüülrühm

Karbonüülrühm is the Estonian term for the carbonyl group. It is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This C=O group is a key feature of many important classes of organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides. The polarity of the carbon-oxygen double bond, with the oxygen atom being more electronegative, leads to a partial positive charge on the carbon atom and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity makes the carbonyl carbon susceptible to nucleophilic attack, a reaction mechanism fundamental to the chemistry of these compounds. The presence of the carbonyl group significantly influences the physical and chemical properties of molecules. For example, it contributes to higher boiling points compared to analogous alkanes due to dipole-dipole interactions. In biochemistry, the carbonyl group is found in essential molecules like carbohydrates and proteins, playing crucial roles in metabolic processes and structural integrity. The reactivity of the carbonyl group can be modified by substituents attached to the carbon atom, leading to a diverse range of chemical behaviors.