karbonüülmolekuli

Karbonüülmolekul refers to a molecule containing a carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula C=O. This consists of a double bond between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom. The carbonyl group is a key structural feature in many important classes of organic compounds.

The presence of the carbonyl group significantly influences the chemical properties of a molecule. The carbon atom in the carbonyl group is electrophilic due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atom, which draws electron density away from the carbon. This makes the carbon atom susceptible to nucleophilic attack. The oxygen atom, conversely, is nucleophilic and can participate in hydrogen bonding.

Common examples of molecules containing carbonyl groups include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group attached to at least one hydrogen atom, while ketones have the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Carboxylic acids possess a carbonyl group directly attached to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. Amides have the carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom. Acid halides feature a carbonyl group bonded to a halogen atom. These diverse compounds exhibit a wide range of chemical reactivity and are fundamental building blocks in organic chemistry and biochemistry.