karbonátásványok

Karbonátásványok are a group of minerals that contain the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) as their basic building block. This group is one of the most important and abundant classes of minerals found on Earth. They are characterized by the presence of a cation bonded to the carbonate anion. Common cations include calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese.

The structure of carbonate minerals often involves planar triangular (CO3) groups linked by cations. This arrangement can result in various crystal structures, leading to a diverse range of minerals. The most common and well-known carbonate mineral is calcite (CaCO3), which is the primary component of limestone and marble. Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) is another significant carbonate mineral, forming the basis of the rock dolomite. Other important members of this group include magnesite (MgCO3), siderite (FeCO3), and rhodochrosite (MnCO3).

Carbonate minerals play crucial roles in many geological processes. They are primary constituents of sedimentary rocks, forming through precipitation from water or from the accumulation of biological debris. They are also important in metamorphic rocks, where they can recrystallize under heat and pressure. Furthermore, carbonate minerals are integral to many biological processes, such as the formation of shells and skeletons in marine organisms. Their solubility and reactivity make them significant in geochemical cycles, particularly the carbon cycle.