karbonátos

Karbonátos, in Hungarian, is an adjective derived from karbonát, meaning carbonate. It is used to describe substances or systems that contain carbonate groups (CO3^2-), as well as things related to carbonate rocks or carbonated beverages. The term spans chemistry, geology, and everyday language.

In chemistry, karbonátos refers to compounds containing carbonate ions. The carbonate system includes carbonic acid H2CO3, bicarbonate HCO3-, and carbonate CO3^2-. Common carbonate salts include calcium carbonate CaCO3, sodium carbonate Na2CO3, and magnesium carbonate MgCO3. These species influence pH, participate in precipitation and dissolution, and are central to processes such as water hardening, lime production, and glassmaking.

In geology and mineralogy, karbonátos describes rocks and minerals composed predominantly of carbonate minerals, such as calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2). Carbonate rocks include limestone and dolostone; they are formed by biological and chemical processes and can become marble upon metamorphism.

In everyday language, karbonátos is used for carbonated beverages, though szénsavas is more common in Hungarian.

In environmental science, carbonate systems buffer pH in natural waters and oceans; increasing CO2 lowers carbonate ion concentration, affecting carbonate sediment formation and marine life.