kansantaloutta

Kansantaloutta, literally the national economy, is the macroeconomic system of a country—the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a nation. It encompasses both the public and private sectors, as well as households and government policy that influence how resources are allocated and how growth is sustained. In English, the term corresponds to “national economy” or “macro economy.”

Scope and components: The national economy includes production across industries, household consumption, business investment, government spending and taxation, savings and investment, and the external sector (exports minus imports). National accounts measure these activities through indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income, unemployment, inflation, and the balance of payments.

Measurement and data: Data are produced by national statistical offices and central banks. GDP can be estimated via production, expenditure, or income approaches, and is compiled within the System of National Accounts. The external sector and price levels are tracked to assess competitiveness, real income, and macro stability.

Policy and dynamics: Policymaking uses fiscal policy (taxation and public spending) and monetary policy (central bank actions) to influence growth, employment, and price stability. Structural reforms, trade policy, and exchange-rate arrangements shape long-term performance. Globalization, technology, and demographic trends continually affect productivity and living standards.

See also: macroeconomics, public finance, national accounts, development economics.