közeggel

Közeggel is the instrumental case form of the Hungarian noun közeg, meaning medium or environment. In scientific and academic Hungarian, közeg refers to the substance or surrounding conditions through which a process, wave, or signal propagates, as well as to the broader environment in which phenomena occur.

In addition to literal physical media such as air, water, or solid substrates, közeg can denote abstract or technical environments, such as a transmission medium in electronics or the contextual conditions affecting an experiment or observation. The instrumental form közeggel is used to express “with the medium” or “by means of the medium,” often in descriptions of interactions between a phenomenon and its surroundings.

Morphology and usage notes: közeg is a regular noun in Hungarian, and its instrumental singular form is közeggel. The construction is common in scientific and technical prose, where authors discuss how a process is influenced by, or interacts with, its medium. In everyday language, közegek (the plurals) and related terms like környezet or közeg are more frequent, but közeggel appears when the focus is specifically on the medium involved in an interaction.

Examples:

- A fény terjedése a közegekkel való kölcsönhatásban megváltozik.

- A kísérletben a jel a különböző közegekkel összevetve értékelhető.

See also: közeg, közegek, környezet, közeg (related terms and plural forms used in similar contexts).