kõhunäärmeensüümide

Kõhunäärmeensüümid, also known as pancreatic enzymes, are crucial digestive substances produced by the exocrine part of the pancreas. These enzymes are secreted into the small intestine to break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The primary pancreatic enzymes include amylase, lipase, and proteases.

Pancreatic amylase is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates, breaking them down into simpler sugars. Lipase is essential for fat digestion, hydrolyzing triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, break down proteins into amino acids. These enzymes are released in inactive precursor forms (zymogens) and are activated once they reach the duodenum, preventing self-digestion of the pancreas.

The production and secretion of pancreatic enzymes are regulated by hormonal signals, primarily secretin and cholecystokinin, which are released in response to the presence of food in the stomach and small intestine. Adequate levels of these enzymes are vital for proper nutrient absorption and overall digestive health.

Disruptions in pancreatic enzyme production or function can lead to malabsorption and various digestive disorders, such as pancreatic insufficiency, which can manifest as steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Conditions like chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer can impair enzyme secretion. In such cases, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) may be prescribed to supplement the body's own production and aid in digestion.