joner

Joner is the Norwegian term for ions, electrically charged atoms or molecules formed by the gain or loss of electrons. Ions carry a net electric charge, and they exist as positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Ionic compounds are composed of alternating cations and anions linked by ionic bonds, which give them characteristic properties such as high melting points and distinct behavior in solid state and in solution.

In aqueous solutions, many salts and acids dissociate into ions, enabling electrical conductivity and chemical reactivity. Ions are central to biology and physiology: sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions regulate nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and fluid balance across membranes. Ion gradients across cell membranes drive transport processes and energy production.

In physics and chemistry, ionization refers to the process of forming ions, whether by loss of electrons (oxidation) or gain of electrons (reduction). Ion mobility under electric fields is essential for electrochemistry, electrophoresis, and related technologies. Monitoring ion concentrations and activity is a standard part of environmental chemistry and water quality assessment.

The term Joner is also found as a surname in various cultures and may appear in Norwegian-language place names or titles. In scientific contexts, Joner as a plural form is primarily understood as the Norwegian word for ions. This article focuses on the chemical concept and its applications.