jõuab

Jõuab is an Estonian verb form meaning “reaches” or “arrives.” It is the third-person singular present indicative form of the verb jõudma, which means to reach, to arrive, or to achieve a goal. Jõudma can describe physical arrival as well as attainment of a point in time or space. The present tense forms are: ma jõuan, sa jõuad, ta jõuab; me jõuame, te jõuate, nad jõuavad.

Usage and construction: Jõudma is an intransitive verb that takes various complements, most often adverbial phrases indicating destination or goal. The form jõuab is used with conjunctions and directional phrases to express arriving at a place, time, or state. Common constructions include jõudma kohale (to arrive at a place), jõudma siia (to arrive here), or combining with a time expression to denote arrival by a certain moment. Examples: Ta jõuab kohale. Ta jõuab siia enne lõunat. Ta jõuab kell kümme.

Grammatical notes: As a present-tense form, jõuab agrees with a singular third-person subject. Other persons and numbers follow the standard jõudma conjugation pattern (jõuan, jõuad, jõuab; jõuame, jõuate, jõuavad). The verb also forms past, conditional, and future tenses with its own affixes.

Etymology: Jõudma traces to a Proto-Finnic root meaning to reach or attain, with cognates found in other Finnic languages. In Estonian, jõudma and its forms are common in everyday speech, news, and literature, used to describe movement toward a destination or achievement of a goal.

See also: Estonian verb conjugation, jõudma, ta jõuab.