izocianátból

Isocyanates are a class of organic compounds that contain one or more isocyanate functional groups (-N=C=O). These compounds are highly reactive and are primarily used as precursors in the production of polyurethanes. The most common isocyanates are toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

Polyurethanes are versatile polymers found in a wide range of products, including flexible and rigid foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers. The reaction between an isocyanate and a polyol is the fundamental step in forming these polyurethane materials. This reaction is exothermic and proceeds rapidly.

Isocyanates are known for their toxicity, particularly through inhalation and skin contact. Exposure can cause respiratory irritation, asthma-like symptoms, and skin sensitization. Proper handling procedures, including adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment, are crucial when working with these chemicals. Due to their reactivity, isocyanates can also pose a fire hazard. Their applications are widespread in industries such as construction, automotive manufacturing, furniture production, and insulation.