izocianat

Izocianat is a chemical compound characterized by the presence of the isocyanate functional group, which has the general formula R-N=C=O. This group is highly reactive due to the cumulative double bonds between nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Isocyanates are a class of organic compounds that are widely used in the production of polymers, particularly polyurethanes. They are formed by the reaction of amines with phosgene or by other synthetic routes.

The reactivity of the isocyanate group makes it a key component in the synthesis of various materials. When isocyanates react with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols or amines, they form urethane or urea linkages, respectively. This reaction is the basis for the formation of polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives. These materials find applications in a vast range of industries, including construction, automotive, furniture, footwear, and textiles.

However, isocyanates are also known for their toxicity. Many isocyanates are volatile and can cause respiratory irritation, sensitization, and occupational asthma upon inhalation. Skin contact can lead to irritation and allergic reactions. Due to these health hazards, strict safety precautions are necessary when handling isocyanates, including proper ventilation and personal protective equipment. Exposure limits are regulated in many countries to protect workers.