itämisprosessiin

Itämisprosessiin, or germination process, refers to the series of events that lead to the sprouting of a seed and the beginning of a new plant's life. This complex biological phenomenon is triggered by specific environmental conditions, primarily moisture, oxygen, and an appropriate temperature range. Once these conditions are met, the seed begins to absorb water, a process called imbibition. This absorption causes the seed coat to soften and swell, eventually breaking open.

Inside the seed, stored food reserves, typically in the form of starches, proteins, and fats, become accessible. Enzymes within the seed become activated by the moisture and temperature, breaking down these complex food molecules into simpler sugars and amino acids. These nutrients provide the energy and building blocks necessary for initial growth. The embryo, which has been dormant within the seed, now begins to develop.

The radicle, which will form the root system, is usually the first part of the embryo to emerge from the seed coat. It grows downwards, anchoring the seedling and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Following the radicle, the hypocotyl or epicotyl elongates, pushing the cotyledons (seed leaves) and the plumule (which will develop into the shoot) upwards towards the light. The cotyledons may either remain below ground or emerge above it, sometimes providing initial nourishment before the true leaves develop and begin photosynthesis. The entire process is a remarkable transition from dormancy to active growth, fueled by internal reserves and external cues.