isotoptracers

Isotopetracer refers to the use of isotopes, which are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, to follow the path of a substance through a chemical, biological, or physical system. These isotopes can be stable or radioactive. Stable isotopes are typically distinguished from the naturally occurring isotopes of an element by their mass. Radioactive isotopes, also known as radioisotopes, decay over time, emitting radiation that can be detected.

The fundamental principle of isotopetracer experiments involves introducing a known amount of an isotopically labeled substance into a system. As the substance undergoes reactions or moves through the system, the tracer atoms or molecules will follow the same pathways. By measuring the concentration or ratio of the tracer isotope at different points in time or in different parts of the system, researchers can deduce information about the processes occurring.

Isotopetracer techniques have wide-ranging applications. In biology, they are used to study metabolic pathways, nutrient cycling, and the absorption and distribution of drugs. In chemistry, they help elucidate reaction mechanisms and determine the origin of atoms in products. Environmental science utilizes isotopetracer studies to track pollutants, understand water cycles, and investigate ecological processes. Medical imaging techniques like PET scans rely heavily on radioisotope tracers to diagnose diseases. The choice between stable and radioactive isotopes depends on the sensitivity required, the duration of the study, and safety considerations.