isoprenoidbased

Isoprenoidbased refers to compounds derived from or related to isoprene. Isoprene is a volatile organic compound with the chemical formula C5H8. It is a fundamental building block in biological systems, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of a vast array of natural products collectively known as isoprenoids or terpenoids. These compounds are characterized by repeating five-carbon isoprene units linked together in various ways.

The biosynthesis of isoprenoids in living organisms typically proceeds through two primary pathways: the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. These pathways produce activated five-carbon precursors, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), which are then sequentially added to form longer isoprenoid chains.

Isoprenoidbased compounds exhibit remarkable structural diversity and perform a wide range of functions. They include essential molecules such as cholesterol, steroid hormones, fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, K), carotenoids (pigments like beta-carotene), and rubber. In plants, isoprenoids are responsible for fragrances, flavors, and defense mechanisms, forming essential oils and resins. The term "isoprenoidbased" therefore encompasses this extensive family of naturally occurring substances, highlighting their common structural origin from isoprene units.