isocyanaat

Isocyanaat is a Dutch term referring to isocyanates. Isocyanates are a class of chemical compounds containing the functional group -N=C=O. They are highly reactive due to the electrophilic carbon atom in the isocyanate group, which readily reacts with nucleophiles. This reactivity makes them valuable intermediates in the synthesis of many organic compounds.

The most common and industrially significant isocyanates are diisocyanates, which have two isocyanate groups. Examples include toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). These diisocyanates are key components in the production of polyurethanes, a versatile class of polymers used in a wide range of applications such as foams (flexible and rigid), coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.

Isocyanates can be formed through various chemical reactions, often involving amines and phosgene. The production and handling of isocyanates require strict safety measures because they are toxic and can cause severe respiratory irritation, skin sensitization, and allergic reactions upon exposure. Inhalation of isocyanate vapors or aerosols can lead to occupational asthma. Proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and adherence to safety protocols are essential when working with these chemicals.