irritatus

Irritatus is a Latin term that functions as both the perfect passive participle of irritare (to irritate) and as an adjective meaning irritated, aroused, or incited. In classical Latin, irritatus is used to describe a state or condition produced by irritation, agitation, or provocation. As a participle, it can appear in various tenses and voices when combined with auxiliary verbs, and as an adjective it agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

Morphology and grammar: irritatus belongs to the first/second declension and has the standard participial endings for a Latin perfect passive participle. The principal forms are irritatus (masculine nominative singular), irritata (feminine nominative singular), irritatum (neuter nominative singular). Plural forms are irritati, irritatae, irritata for masculine, feminine, and neuter respectively. In use, irritatus describes a caused state (for example, a person or thing that has been irritated) and can convey emotional or physical provocation.

Usage and scope: In Latin literature, irritatus appears in contexts relating to anger, agitation, and stimuli that provoke a reaction. Beyond classical texts, the word has continued in scholarly Latin glossaries and educational materials as an example of a perfect passive participle and as a descriptive adjective. In modern reference works, irritatus is cited to illustrate participial formation, agreement, and the range of meanings associated with irritation and incitement.

See also: irritate, irritation, irritability, irritare, Latin participles.