ionizována

Ionizována is a term used in chemistry and physics to describe the process by which an atom or molecule acquires or loses one or more electrons, resulting in a charged particle called an ion. This process can occur through various means, such as the absorption or emission of energy, typically in the form of light or heat.

When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called an anion. Conversely, if it loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a cation. The number of electrons gained or lost determines the ion's charge, with a single gain or loss resulting in a monoatomic ion, and multiple gains or losses resulting in polyatomic ions.

Ionization is a fundamental process in many chemical and physical phenomena, including electrical conduction, chemical reactions, and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions. It plays a crucial role in various scientific fields, such as materials science, electrochemistry, and plasma physics. The energy required to ionize an atom or molecule is known as the ionization energy, and it varies depending on the specific atom or molecule and its initial state.