involontaire
Involontaire is a French adjective meaning involuntary or unwillful; it describes actions, reactions, or processes that occur without conscious intention. The noun form is rarely used in everyday language, where phrases like "mouvement involontaire" or "réaction involontaire" are preferred. The word derives from Latin involuntarius and entered French via Old French, sharing the same root as volontaire (voluntary).
In medical and physiological contexts, involontaire denotes reflexive or spontaneous phenomena, such as "un réflexe involontaire"
In English, the direct equivalent is involuntary, and the opposite term is voluntary. The concept is used
Related terms include voluntary, involuntary movement, reflex, and the autonomic nervous system.