internalizací

Internalization is a psychological process by which an individual incorporates external influences, such as cultural norms, values, or behaviors, into their own personal beliefs and actions. This process is a fundamental aspect of socialization and identity formation, as it enables individuals to adapt to their social environment and develop a sense of self.

The concept of internalization was first introduced by the psychologist George Herbert Mead in his theory of the self. According to Mead, internalization occurs through a process of role-taking, where individuals adopt the perspectives and behaviors of others in their social environment. This process allows individuals to develop a sense of self that is distinct from others, while still being influenced by their social context.

Internalization can be further categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Primary internalization refers to the process of incorporating basic social norms and values into an individual's personality during childhood and adolescence. This process is largely unconscious and occurs through observation and imitation of significant others, such as parents and peers.

Secondary internalization, on the other hand, refers to the process of adopting more complex social norms and values that are specific to a particular social group or subculture. This process is more conscious and deliberate, and often involves a process of negotiation and accommodation between the individual and their social environment.

Internalization plays a crucial role in the development of social identity and group cohesion. By internalizing the norms and values of their social group, individuals are able to maintain a sense of belonging and affiliation, while also differentiating themselves from outgroup members. This process is essential for the functioning of social institutions and the maintenance of social order.

However, internalization can also have negative consequences, such as the perpetuation of stereotypes and discrimination. When individuals internalize negative or harmful stereotypes about their own or other groups, it can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and social conflict. Therefore, it is important to promote critical thinking and reflection on the nature of social norms and values, in order to challenge and overcome the limitations of internalization.