injektions

Injektions, also known as injections, are a medical method for delivering substances into the body by puncturing the skin with a needle and inserting a syringe or similar device. Injections are used to achieve systemic effects, where the substance enters the bloodstream, or local effects, where it acts at or near the application site. Common routes include intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injections. Less common routes include intra-articular (into a joint), intrathecal (into the spinal canal), and intracavitary injections.

Practice and equipment: Injections require sterile, single-use needles and syringes, or prefilled auto-injectors. Techniques aim to minimize pain and tissue damage and prevent infection. After administration, sharps are disposed in approved containers to prevent needle-stick injuries. In clinical settings, dose, site, and technique depend on the medication, patient age and weight, and comorbidities.

Uses: Vaccines, analgesics, antibiotics, hormones, and chronic therapies such as insulin for diabetes. Injections can be performed by trained healthcare workers or, for some medications, by patients themselves at home.

Safety and considerations: Adverse effects can include local reactions, infection, bleeding, allergic reactions, or systemic toxicity. Contraindications include known allergy to the substance and certain conditions at the injection site. Proper storage and handling of injectable medications are essential.

History: Injektions became widespread with advances in aseptic technique and pharmacology in the 19th and 20th centuries, enabling rapid drug delivery and mass vaccination.