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Initiators are substances or conditions that trigger a chemical reaction or a physical process. In chemistry, initiators are often employed in polymerization reactions, where they generate reactive species like free radicals or ions that start the chain growth of monomers into polymers. Common examples of initiators include peroxides, azo compounds, and certain metal complexes. The choice of initiator depends on the specific reaction conditions, such as temperature and the nature of the monomers involved.

Beyond chemistry, the term "initiator" can also refer to individuals or entities that begin a process, movement, or project. For instance, in a business context, an initiator might be the person who first proposes a new idea or strategy. In social or political contexts, an initiator could be someone who sparks a protest or a reform movement. The core concept remains the same: the act of starting something. Understanding what constitutes an initiator is crucial for controlling and directing various phenomena, from molecular transformations to societal changes. The effectiveness of an initiator often dictates the success and speed of the subsequent process.