inimesega

Inimesega is the comitative form of the Estonian noun inimene (person) used to express accompaniment or association with a person. It literally means “with a person” and is formed by adding the comitative suffix -ga to the genitive stem of the noun (inimese + ga). The corresponding plural form is inimesed(te)ga, spelled régimen as inimesed(te)ga, meaning “with people.”

Morphology and formation: The comitative suffix -ga attaches to the genitive stem of a noun. For inimene, the genitive singular is inimese, yielding inimese + ga = inimesega. The plural form uses the genitive plural stem inimeste and adds -ga to form inimestega, meaning “with people.” This pattern applies to other common Estonian nouns that take the comitative case to denote accompaniment or association.

Usage and meaning: Inimesega marks that the action involves another person as a companion, partner, or associate. It is used in contexts such as talking about being with someone, working together with someone, or interacting with a person in some capacity. It functions similarly to English “with a person” or “with people” and can appear with verbs of communication, collaboration, or movement, among others. The form is standard in written and spoken Estonian and can appear in various registers, from everyday speech to formal writing.

Examples of related forms: Inimestega means “with people.” The concept is part of the broader Estonian comitative system, which uses -ga/-kA to indicate accompaniment. See also constructions with koos (together) for emphasizing joint action.

Notes: The comitative form is distinct from instrumental constructions and should not be confused with phrases that use taa- or other prepositions to indicate means or tools.