immunomäärityksillä

Immunomäärityksillä, also known as immunoassays, are laboratory methods that use the highly specific binding of antibodies to antigens to detect and quantify a substance. This technique relies on the immune system's natural ability to recognize and bind to foreign molecules, or antigens. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or eliminate pathogens. In an immunoassay, either the antibody or the antigen is typically labeled with a detectable marker, such as an enzyme, fluorescent dye, or radioactive isotope.

When the sample containing the target substance (the analyte) is mixed with the labeled antibody or antigen, they bind together. The presence and amount of the bound complex are then measured by detecting the signal from the label. This allows for the identification and quantification of the analyte in biological samples like blood, urine, or tissue.

Various types of immunoassays exist, including ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and radioimmunoassay. Each method has specific applications depending on the sensitivity, specificity, and throughput required. Immunomäärityksillä are widely used in clinical diagnostics for detecting diseases, monitoring treatment efficacy, and screening for biomarkers. They are also employed in research for studying protein interactions, drug discovery, and understanding biological processes. The accuracy and reliability of immunoassays depend on the quality of the antibodies and reagents used, as well as careful adherence to experimental protocols.