ikastolak

Ikastolak, plural of ikastola, are Basque-language schools in which Basque is the primary medium of instruction. They form a key part of the Basque language revival and education system and operate primarily in the Basque Autonomous Community, in Navarre, and in the French Basque Country, with some programs abroad serving Basque communities.

The movement began in the early 20th century as grassroots efforts to preserve Basque through schooling, expanded during the late Franco era into a broad network of schools, and experienced a revival after the return to democracy in the 1970s.

Curriculum and operation: Ikastolak typically offer education from preschool through secondary school, all or most subjects taught in Basque, with Spanish and other languages taught as second languages. Many ikastolas operate as non-profit associations or cooperatives run by parents, teachers, and local communities, and are funded by the Basque Government, Navarre authorities, and local municipalities.

Significance: They are important for language maintenance, cultural transmission, and community cohesion; they complement the official education system and have played a central role in Basque language policy.

Global presence: Basque diaspora communities also maintain ikastola-style programs, and there are networks connecting Basque schools internationally.