identifikatori

Identifikatori are identifiers used to uniquely reference objects, records, or concepts within information systems. They can be human-readable names or system-generated values and are essential for distinguishing one item from another in databases, programming, and data management.

In programming languages, an identifier is a name assigned to entities such as variables, functions, types, or namespaces. Common rules define what can form an identifier: typically it starts with a letter or underscore, may contain letters, digits, and underscores, and must not be a reserved keyword. Identifiers are usually case-sensitive in many languages and their scope determines where they are valid.

In databases and data models, identifiers include primary keys and surrogate keys used to uniquely identify records. They may be numeric, alphanumeric, or follow standard formats like UUIDs. Effective keys are unique, non-null, stable, and ideally immutable. They may be generated automatically through auto-increment fields, sequences, or UUID generators to separate identity from business data.

Formats and examples vary: simple numeric IDs (12345), UUIDs such as 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000, or other encoding schemes like ULIDs. The choice of format depends on requirements for uniqueness, scalability, and interoperability.

Best practices include choosing stable and collision-resistant identifiers, avoiding the inclusion of sensitive data, and ensuring proper quoting or escaping in systems like SQL to prevent injection. Identifikatori should support efficient indexing and querying, while preserving a clear separation between identity and attributes.

Privacy and security considerations apply to identifiers containing personal or sensitive information. Minimization, pseudonymization, and compliance with data protection regulations are important when identifiers can reveal individuals or private data.