hüdrohappe

Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid when in a less pure, industrial-grade form, is a colorless, strongly corrosive, and highly pungent liquid. Its chemical formula is HCl, indicating it is composed of one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom. In its gaseous state, it is hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, meaning it readily dissociates in water to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).

Industrially, hydrochloric acid is produced by the direct synthesis of hydrogen and chlorine gases. It is a vital chemical used in numerous applications. A significant use is in the steel industry for pickling, a process that removes rust or iron oxide scale from metal before it is galvanized, electroplated, or otherwise coated. It also plays a role in the production of organic compounds, the regeneration of ion exchange resins, and the processing of food, such as the production of corn syrup and gelatin.

In biological systems, hydrochloric acid is the primary component of stomach acid. This acid is crucial for digestion, helping to break down food and kill ingested bacteria. The human stomach lining is protected from the corrosive effects of hydrochloric acid by a thick mucus layer. Due to its corrosive nature, handling hydrochloric acid requires appropriate safety precautions, including protective clothing and ventilation.