hypophysial

Hypophysial is an adjective relating to the hypophysis, or pituitary gland, and to structures associated with it. The term derives from Greek roots meaning “under growth,” reflecting an old view of the gland’s location. In modern usage, hypophysial refers to anatomical features, vessels, and relationships connected with the pituitary.

The hypophysis sits at the base of the brain within the sella turcica and is connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. It consists of two main parts: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). The hypothalamus regulates pituitary function through releasing and inhibiting hormones and neural signals. The anterior lobe secretes hormones such as ACTH, TSH, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin, while the posterior lobe stores and releases vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin.

Vascularization and portal circulation are central to hypophysial terminology. The pituitary is supplied by the hypophysial arteries (superior and inferior), branches typically arising from the internal carotid system. A specialized hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system carries hypothalamic releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary, enabling hormonal regulation. The term hypophysial also appears in references to structures such as the hypophysial arteries, the hypophysial portal system, and the hypophysial stalk. Clinically, involvement of hypophysial structures can contribute to pituitary disorders, including adenomas, hormonal imbalances, and pituitary apoplexy.